Chromosome screening may increase IVF success in older mothers

Using a new IVF technique could considerably
increase older women's chances of pregnancy, a small clinical trial presented at a fertility conference suggests.

In the technique
embryos produced via IVF are first tested for major genetic abnormalities using a method called comprehensive chromosomal screening (CCS). For this, samples are taken
from embryos at the blastocyst stage, when they have around 100 cells.

CCS tests whether embryos have the normal 46
chromosomes, 23 from each parent. The genetically normal embryos are cryopreserved
for a month or two before being thawed and inserted in the womb. The
cryopreservation period is thought to allow the woman’s hormones to settle
after the disturbance caused by IVF drug treatment.

A randomised controlled trial in 60
patients compared the new technique against standard embryo screening, where embryo
quality is assessed primarily by evaluating their appearance under a microscope.

The study was presented at a meeting
of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) in San Diego, USA.
Although the abstract relating the findings is unclear, the Telegraph says that
the CCS technique 'took the successful pregnancy rate in a group of 38 to 42-year-olds
from 33 to 61 percent'.

The researchers also reported that none of the women implanted
with embryos that had been through CCS had first trimester
miscarriages, whereas six of the 30 women implanted with embryos that had been through standard screening did miscarry within the first trimester.

Talking
to the Telegraph, study co-author Dr Mandy Katz-Jaffe from the Colorado Centre
for Reproductive Medicine, said: 'What we've been able to show is that a woman aged 38 to 42,
if she has a blastocyst with a normal number of chromosomes, her chances of
implantation are independent of her age. So she has the same chances of
implantation — at 60 percent — as a woman who is 32'.

The risk of producing an embryo possessing an
abnormal number of chromosomes (a condition known as aneuploidy) increases as a
woman ages. By the age of 40, 75 percent of a woman's embryos are aneuploid, and
this heightens the risk of any resulting child having disorders like Down's
syndrome and also increases the risk of miscarriage.

The Telegraph
reports that 'clinics in the USA, Australia and Spain are
hurrying to adopt the techniques but in Britain only a tiny fraction of IVF
patients is benefiting'.

Speaking to the newspaper, Dr Dagan Wells, a geneticist who helped
pioneer embryo screening, and who was not involved in this study, said that if
the results were confirmed, standard IVF practices in the UK would have to be
'completely re-evaluated'.

'I think the evidence is
starting to mount up that chromosome screening may be ready for prime time', he
added. 'CCS could potentially represent a revolution in the way IVF is done and
infertility is treated'.

However, Mr Stuart Lavery, a consultant gynaecologist at the Hammersmith Hospital in
London, told the Daily Mail
that CCS is 'controversial. To put an embryo through the freeze and a thaw is a
bit of an insult. It's a shock, and sometimes it will kill a few cells'.

Dr Linda Giudice,
president-elect of the ASRM, said that the next step in assessing the new
technique 'will be large scale trials including data from birth outcomes'.