New guidelines concerning the ethics of human genome editing research have been set by China's Ministry of Science and Technology.
This recent publication aims to address the growing concerns and ethical considerations surrounding the use of human genome editing in research. Importantly the guidelines reinforce a strict ban on altering germ cells and embryos where alterations may be inherited by future generations, while stating that research on somatic cells should only be carried out in order to prevent or treat disease – specifying that 'special attention should be paid to whether it might trigger alterations in germ cells,' according to China Daily.
The published guidelines additionally state that: 'The use of human genome editing technology in research must be carefully assessed, taking into full consideration its scientific and social value, as well as potential risks'.
The guidelines, which were formulated by the medical ethics subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee, aim to support positive development in this scientific field while maintaining caution regarding the unpredictable risks and implications for future uses.
The new rules build upon guidelines from 2023 (see BioNews 1190), which introduced several additional requirements for the responsible conduct of genome editing research. These initial guidelines came about in response to a 2018 controversy where Dr He Jiankui announced the birth of twins following genome editing to confer HIV resistance (see BioNews 977). The 2023 guidelines emphasised the need for a comprehensive ethical review, the involvement of multidisciplinary teams, and the implementation of robust oversight mechanisms.
'At present, any clinical research involving germline genome editing is irresponsible and not permitted,' China Daily report the updated 2024 guidelines said.
The guidelines further reinforce the importance of a thorough evaluation process. 'Only when there is a full understanding and considering of benefits, risks, and alternative options, when the safety and efficacy issues are addressed, broad consensus achieved, and rigorous assessment completed can the possibility of carrying out such research under tight supervision be evaluated.'
Human genome editing research has shown significant potential for developing treatments and possible cures for conditions such as cystic fibrosis and liver disease (see BioNews 1238 and 1243). However, these advancements come with considerable ethical and social implications.
As technologies such as CRISPR-based genome editing advance, ethical oversight and responsible research practices become increasingly important, especially in research concerning humans. The new guidelines aim to ensure that such research is conducted responsibly, with human welfare at the forefront.
Sources and References
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China publishes ethical guidelines for human genome editing research
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Ethical guideline released for human genome editing research
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Ethical guideline issued for genome editing
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China explicitly bans editing DNA of human reproductive cells
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China publishes ethical guidelines for human genome editing research
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